Liquid-fuel-burning appliance



June 12, 1923. 11,458,266

R. G. BREEDING LIQUID FUEL BURNING APPLIANCE Filed on. 13 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 1' 5V V 1 W3,

June 12, 1923. I 1,458,266

- R. G. BREEDING I LIQUIDFUEL BURNING APPLIANCE Filed Oct. 15 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 QM 5V M A 7 7'0/9/Mrf-V5 lfetenteoi dune I2, I923,

NH STAS EN? ii.

LIQUID-FUEL-BURNING APPLIANCE.

Application filed uctober 13, 1920. Serialllo. 41.83%.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT G. Bnnnomc, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Cincinnati in the county 8 of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid-Fuel-Burning Appliances, which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being bad to the W drawings forming part of this specification. My invention relates to appliances for burning liquid fuel and more particularly the heavier petroleum oils for the produc; tion of heat.

In ,the embodiment of my invention selected for purposes of illustration, the appliance is'shown as employedwith a domestic heating furnace, although it will be understood that the device may be used 1n 20 connection with boilers many other desired type of furnace or heater.

In my copending application, Serial No. 389,701, filed June 17, 1920, is shown and claimed a liquid fuel burning appliance 25 having a particular form of burner and method of introducing the fuel counter to the air draft in which the fuel is burned and by which it is atomized. In the present application I illustrate a somewhat different as use of the invention from that described in the said copending application and embody in the description and claims another phase of my invention dealing with the combustion feature thereof more or less independently as from the system used for the injection and atomization of the liquid fuel.

Whereas I am advised it has been the practice in hydrocarbon burners-in the past to introduce the flame resulting from the ca combustion of the oil in such a way as to impinge upon the object to be heated, I have discovered on the contrary that for a lid perfect non-sooting and complete combustion of hydrocarbon oils it is preferable to burn 4L5 them entirely before the product of combustionreaches what may be termed the workin point.

ile my invention comprises means for the in'ection and atomization of hydrocarso hon oil and a long fire insulated conduit through which he flaming gases resulting from ignition of the oils will pass, my entire installation might well be called a burner because until the gases resulting from the combustion have expended their, flame they are not allowed to emerge into the furnace or impinge upon the boiler tubes or what not.

Generally speaking, it is my object to provide an oil burning appliance for heating which will completely burn oils even of the heaviest type wlthout the production of soot and with the maximum production of heat and this I accomplish by that certain construction and arrangement of parts to be hereinafter more specifically pointed out and claimed.

In the drawings,

Figure '1 is a perspective view of a hot air furnace appliance constructed according to my invention.

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the fuel consumption conduit with the top removed therefrom.

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Pi re 4 is a detailed longitudinal section of the fuel consumption device.

Figure 5 is an elevation of the face of the fuel nozzle.

Figure 6 is a section on the line 66 of Fi re 5.

igure 7 is a side elevation of the nozzle. I have shown the invention as applied to an ordinary hot air furnace, 1, the device being passed through the ash door 2 of the furnace. I provide an elongated metal box 3 having suitable supports 4 and having a removable lidor cover 5 which is bolted to a flange 6 around the side of the box. I prefer that the lid 5 be covered with suitable eat insulating material such as asbestos and the entire box may be so covered if' desired.

For convenience in manipulation I form a lid or top" 5 in two sections, the section 5 which is more likely to be removed and through which the various ipe connections pass is shown as covering t e outerend of the box. The inner end of the box is not provided with a lid, but is expend so that through it the heat passesinto the furnace.

I have shown as mounted on the lid proper a blower 7 operated by a motor 8, said motor 8 being clontiroiled by any -,desired rheostat 9. Extending from the blower is the air conduit 10 which enters at 11 preferably at about the center of'the outer end Wall of the box. I find it much preferable to introduce the air into the fuel consumption box or combustion chamber so that it passes in a direct line through the length of such box.

The fuel inlet pipe is shown at 12 controlled by a valve "13 and a pipe 14-is emp oyed'for the introduction of gas to be used in ignition. The fuel injector 15 comprises a convex faced circular metal block having a large oil orifice 16. 'This block is connected by an L-coupling 17 to the pipe 12. The gas pipe-is preferably provided with an end 18 turned to face in the direction of the air current and positioned to impinge on the face of the nozzle 19.

At the outer end of the box is a suitable plug 20 which may be removed to expose a hand hole and for purposes of observation and ignition.

I may employ, my device for a gas burner or combustion mechanism with most excellent results and with the production of high heat, and to make a combination gas and oil device, I insert a fuel gas pipe 22 into the box and equip its end with any desired nozzle. The air from the blower will be regulatable to consume the gases and although some of the heat generated by the combustion is lost in heating the conduit, the effectiveness of burning the gas in a highly heated conduit easily offsets the loss.

The entire box, 'top, bottom and side is well insulated with firebricks 21 or other desired form of heat insulation, said heat insulation. being omitted at the inner end of the box where the lid is also'oniitted leaving the opening through which the heat passes into the furnace;

As so constructed the device operates as follows :-Th'e gas is lighted at the outlet 18 by the operator and may be maintained continuously as a pilot. If very heavy oils are used it may be necessary to provide some lighter hydrocarbon for the initial combus tion. In such a case, it is introduced through the fuel nozzle and the blower is started up, at first-slowly. The draft of air blowing against the face of the burner, which is turned towards the draft instead of away from it, will atomize the fuel flowing out through the wide open nozzle and the fuel will ignite from the gas, with the air and burning fuel passing together along through the combustion box or chamber.

As heat begins to be generated, the force of air from the blower and the amount of fuel, may be regulated either automatically or by hand so as to gain the best possible combustion. Of course, if light hydrocarbons are used to start the device the heavier ones will be turned into the nozzle when the appliance is sufficiently heated.

In determining proper combustion the operator will observe the outlets from-the box and so regulate his air and fuel that no smoke whatever or soot isproiected through the combustion box.

The. operation of the device is distinguishable over burners of the prior art with which I am familiar by the fact that the combustion takes place entirely within the burner structure, said structure being very highly heated by the'combustion so that the combustiontakes place within a highly heated conduit, thereby gasifying all the constituents of the oil.

The engineering problems involved in installations of my device have to do with the cross sectional area and length of the conduit, and the position of the burner, and the. size of the delivery opening. The air supply should be so directed as to flow directly through the conduit and of course the oil flow and air supply should be con-- trollable.

As already stated I have in my copending application dealt more particularly with my burner, wherein among other things the oil outlet is large and the incoming air spreads the oil in a film over the special shaped burner face and atomizes it thoroughly.

Leaving out of consideration, however, the exact method of insuring an atomization of the oil, the device should be so constructed in the above enumerated points that while burning through its effective range, the flame should be confined substantially within the conduit, with the size varying as the area of opening and heat requirements vary.

The great difficulty in most oil burning appliances whenever heavy oils are used, and any great amount of hea u is desired is that smoke and soot rapidly clog up the burner and fines and insulate the parts which it is designed to heat.

I lose comparatively little heat through radiation from my conduit. since this can be and is thoroughly insulated. All ofthe heat generated by the combustion of the gasified, oils, said combustion taking place at very high temperatures, is blown against the objects to be heated, with the only effective radiant heat as distinguished from heat by convection being that coming from the luminous delivery mouth of the conduit. Of course some luminosity such as results from carbon monoxide flame will escape, but this is not a flame which will carbonize.

I gain practically perfect combustion b my device, and the control of the air and oil flow is very simple since by observation of the delivery mouth of the conduit, the completeness of the combustion can be determined by even the most inexperienced. hile speaking of air and oils in the claims I do not wish to be limited beyond the general meaning of gases and fluids, since other special gases in connection with the air and other fluids in connection with the oils are desired to be covered by-the use of the said terms air and oil.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. That method of burning oils for the production of-heat'which consists in igniting the same within an extended conduit in the path of a current ofair flowing therethrough and mingling with the fuel at the point of ignition, confining the flame of combustion to the conduit and delivering the products of combustion to the working point substantially free of flame.

2. That method of burning oils for the production of heat which consists in atomizing and igniting the oils in an insulated conduit in the path of a current of air flowing therethrough and mingling with the fuel at the point f ignition, confining the flame of combustion to the conduit, and de livering' the products of combustion to the working point substantially free of flame.

3. An oil burning appliance which consists in an insulated conduit, an oil atomizer, and a source of supply of air, said air being directed through the conduit and against the fuel at the point of ignition, and the conduit being of a length to confine the combustion resulting from the ignition of the oils, said conduit having a delivery opening for delivering the products of combustion to the working point substantially free of flame.

4. :An oil burning appliance comprising a long conduit insulated with fire clay material, an oil atomizer at one end of the conduit, a delivery opening at the other end of the conduit, a blower for forcing air from the burner end through the conduit to the delivery end, said conduit being of a length to confine the flame resulting from combustion upon ignition of'the oils substantially within the conduit.

5. An oil burning appliance comprising a conduit insulated with heat resistance material, a burnerlocated at one end of the conduit, saidburner having a large oil opening, and a distributing surface presented toward the said end of the conduit, a blower, said blower being adapted to send a flow of air through the conduit directedagainst the said distributing surface of the burner thereby accomplishing an atomization and present an extended heated confining space to the combustion of the oils whereby full gasification and combustion may take place within the conduit, said conduit having a delivery opening at the end away from the burner.

6. An oil burning appliance comprising an elongated box like structure suitably heat insulated, said box having a removable cover at the outer end thereof, and a delivery opening at the other end thereof, an oil inlet and gas inlet pipe passing into the conduit through said removable cover, and a blower having its delivery opening into the conduit directed along the axis of the conduit at the oil inlet end thereof.

7. An oil burning appliance comprising an elongated box like structure suitably heat insulated, said box having a removable cover at the outer end thereof, and a delivery opening at the other end thereof, an oil inlet and gas inlet pipe passing .into the conduit through said removable cover, and a blower having its delivery opening into the conduit directed along the axis of the conduit at the oil inlet end thereof, said oil inlet pipe having a burner mounted thereon within the conduit, said burner having a large or] outlet, and a spherical faced block about said opening. said spherical face being directed toward the blower delivery opening.

8. An oil burning appliance comprising an elongated box'like structure suitably heat insulated, said box having a removable cover at the outer end thereof, and a .delivery opening-atthe other-end thereof. and oil inlet and gas inlet pipe passing into the conduit through said removable cover. and a blower having its delivery opening into the conduit directed along the axis of the conduit at the oil inlet end thereof. said oil inlet pipe haviuga burner mounted thereon within the conduit. said burner having a large oil outlet. and a spherical faced block about said opening. said spherical face being directed toward the blower delivery opening, and a hand hole formed within the removable cover. said hand hole having a closing plug therein. I

9. An oil burning appliance which consists in an insulated conduit. an oil atomizer. and a source of supply of air. said air being directed through the conduit, and the conduit being of a length to confine the combustion resulting from the ignition of the oils. said conduit having a delivery opening for delivering the products of combustion to the working point, and a fuel gas supply pipe and burner introduced into the adjacent the oil atomizer end.

.10. An oil burning appliance comprising said conduit being of substantial length to an elongated box like structure suitably heat into the conduit directed along the axis of insulated, said box having a removable cover the conduit at the oil inlet end thereof and at the outer end thereof, and a delivery a fuel gas supply pipeein addition to the 10 opening at the other end thereof, an oil inignition gas inlet pipe, said suppl pipe Inlet an ignition gas inlet pipe passing into having a burner located at the outer end of the conduit through said removable cover, the boix.'

and a blower 'having its delivery opening ROBERT G. BREEDING. 

